Concepts of Inheritance

• Inheritance is one of the key feature of object-oriented programming.
• it allows user to create a new class(derived class) from a existing class(base class).
• The derived class inherits all feature from a base class and it can have additional features of its own.

Types of Inheritance:

C++, we have 5 different types of Inheritance. Namely,

1. Single Inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance
3. Hierarchical Inheritance
4. Multilevel Inheritance
5. Hybrid Inheritance (also known as Virtual Inheritance)

Access Control and Inheritance:

• A derived class can access all the non-private members of its base class.
• Thus base-class members that should not be accessible to the member functions of derived classes should be declared private in the base class.
• Following table shows different access types according to who can access them in the following way:

Access	public	protected	private
Same class	yes	yes	yes
Derived classes	yes	yes	no
Outside classes	yes	no	no

When deriving a class from a base class, the base class may be inherited through public, protected or private inheritance

Public Inheritance:

• When deriving a class from a public base class,public members of the base class become public members of the derived class and protected members of the base class becomeprotected members of the derived class.
• A base class's privatemembers are never accessible directly from a derived class, but can be accessed through calls to the public and protected members of the base class.

Protected Inheritance:

• When deriving from a protected base class,public and protected members of the base class become protectedmembers of the derived class.

Private Inheritance:

• When deriving from a private base class,public and protected members of the base class become privatemembers of the derived class.

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