PHP Supports following Operators:
Each Operators are Explained below:
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $x + $y | Sum of $x and $y |
| - | Subtraction | $x - $y | Difference of $x and $y |
| * | Multiplication | $x * $y | Product of $x and $y |
| / | Division | $x / $y | Quotient of $x and $y |
| % | Modulus | $x % $y | Remainder of $x divided by $y |
The following example shows the different results of using the different arithmetic operators:
<?php
$n1 = 10;
$n2 = 5;
$add = $n1 + $n2;
echo "$n1 + $n2 = $add Addition<br />";
$sub = $n1 - $n2;
echo "$n1 - $n2 = $sub Subtraction<br />";
$mul = $n1 * $n2;
echo "$n1 * $n2 = $mul Multiplication<br />";
$div = $n1 / $n2;
echo "$n1 / $n2 = $div Division<br />";
$mod = $n1 % $n2;
echo "$n1 % $n2 = $mod Remainder of Division";
?>
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | And | $x and $y | True if both $x and $y are true |
| or | Or | $x or $y | True if either $x or $y is true |
| xor | Xor | $x xor $y | True if either $x or $y is true, but not both |
| && | And | $x && $y | True if both $x and $y are true |
| || | Or | $x || $y | True if either $x or $y is true |
| ! | Not | !$x | True if $x is not true |
The bitwise operators enable you to treat an integer as the series of bits used to represent it.
You probably will not find a lot of use for the bitwise operators in PHP, but a summary is shown in following Table
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| & | Bitwise AND | $a & $b | Bits set in $a and $b are set in result. |
| | | Bitwise OP | $a | $b | Bits set in $a or $a are set in the result. |
| ~ | Bitwise NOT | ~$a | Bits set in $a are not set in the result and vice versa. |
| ^ | Bitwise Ex-OR (XOR) | $a ^ $b | Bits set in $a or $b but not in both are set in the result. |
| << | Left Shift | $a << $b | Shifts $a left $b bits. |
| >> | Right Shift | $a >> $b | Sifts $a right $b bits. |
The PHP assignment operators is used to write a value to a variable.
The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.
| Assignment | Short Hand | Description |
| $x = $y | $x = $y | The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right |
| $x = $x + $y | $x += $y | Addition |
| $x = $x - $y | $x -= $y | Subtraction |
| $x = $x * $y | $x *= $y | Multiplication |
| $x = $x / $y | $x /= $y | Division |
| $x = $x % $y | $x %= $y | Modulus |
The following example shows the different results of using the different assignment operators:
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 5;
echo $x.' Initial Value $x<br />';
echo $y.' Initial Value $y<br />';
/*Assign Value of $y to $x*/
$x = $y;
echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After Assigning $y<br />';
/*Add Value of $y to Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
$x += $y;
echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x += $y;<br />';
/*Subtract Value of $y from Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
$x -= $y;
echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x -= $y;<br />';
/*Multiply Value of $y by Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
$x *= $y;
echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x *= $y;<br />';
/*Divide Value of $y from Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
$x /= $y;
echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x /= $y;<br />';
/*Divide Value of $y from Existing Value of $x, and Reminder is Assign to $x*/
$x %= $y;
echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x %= $y;<br />';
?>
There are two types of 'String Operators': The Concatenating Operator (.) and the Concatenating Assignment Operator (.=).
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
. |
Concatenation | $txt1 = "Hello" $txt2 = $txt1 . " PHP" |
Now $txt2 contains "Hello PHP" |
.= |
Concatenation assignment | $txt1 = "Hello" $txt1 .= " PHP" |
Now $txt1 contains "Hello PHP" |
The following example shows the results of using the string operators:
<?php
$str1 = "Hello";
$str2 = $str1 . " PHP"; //Concatenation using .
echo $str2;
echo "<br />";
$str3 = "Hello";
$str3 .= " PHP"; //Concatenation using .=
echo $str3;
?>
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ++$x | Pre-increment | Increments $x by one, then returns $x |
| $x++ | Post-increment | Returns $x, then increments $x by one |
| --$x | Pre-decrement | Decrements $x by one, then returns $x |
| $x-- | Post-decrement | Returns $x, then decrements $x by one |
The following example shows the different results of using the different increment/decrement operators:
<?php
$x = 5;
//Increment $x by 1, Returns $x which will 6
echo ++$x.' Pre-Increment<br />';
$y = 5;
//Returns $x which is 5, then increments $x by one
echo $y++. ' Post-Increment<br />';
$x = 7;
//Decrements $x by one, then Returns $x which will 6
echo --$x.' Pre-Decrement<br />';
$y = 7;
//Returns $x which is 7, then decrements $x by one
echo $y--.' Post-Decrement';
?>
The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | $x == $y | True if $x is equal to $y |
| === | Identical | $x === $y | True if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type |
| != | Not equal | $x != $y | True if $x is not equal to $y |
| <> | Not equal | $x <> $y | True if $x is not equal to $y |
| !== | Not identical | $x !== $y | True if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type |
| > | Greater than | $x > $y | True if $x is greater than $y |
| < | Less than | $x < $y | True if $x is less than $y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | $x >= $y | True if $x is greater than or equal to $y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | $x <= $y | True if $x is less than or equal to $y |
The following example shows the different results of using some of the comparison operators:
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = "50";
echo '$x is ';
echo var_dump($x).'<br />';
echo '$y is ';
echo var_dump($y).'<br /><br />';
var_dump($x == $y);
echo ' $x == $y <br />';
var_dump($x === $y);
echo ' $x === $y<br />';
var_dump($x != $y);
echo ' $x != $y<br />';
var_dump($x !== $y);
echo ' $x !== $y<br />';
echo '<br />';
$a = 50;
$b = 70;
echo '$a is ';
echo var_dump($a).'<br />';
echo '$b is ';
echo var_dump($b).'<br /><br />';
var_dump($a > $b);
echo ' $a > $b <br />';
var_dump($a < $b);
echo ' $a < $b <br />';
?>
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