PHP

PHP Operators

PHP Supports following Operators:

Each Operators are Explained below:

PHP Arithmetic Operators

Operator Name Example Result
+ Addition $x + $y Sum of $x and $y
- Subtraction $x - $y Difference of $x and $y
* Multiplication $x * $y Product of $x and $y
/ Division $x / $y Quotient of $x and $y
% Modulus $x % $y Remainder of $x divided by $y

Example:

The following example shows the different results of using the different arithmetic operators:

<?php
    $n1 = 10;
    $n2 = 5;

    $add = $n1 + $n2;
    echo "$n1 + $n2 = $add Addition<br />";

    $sub = $n1 - $n2;
    echo "$n1 - $n2 = $sub Subtraction<br />";

    $mul = $n1 * $n2;
    echo "$n1 * $n2 = $mul Multiplication<br />";

    $div = $n1 / $n2;
    echo "$n1 / $n2 = $div Division<br />";

    $mod = $n1 % $n2;
    echo "$n1 % $n2 = $mod Remainder of Division";
?>

Output:

Tutorialik.com
10 + 5 = 15 Addition
10 - 5 = 5 Subtraction
10 * 5 = 50 Multiplication
10 / 5 = 2 Division
10 % 5 = 0 Remainder of Division

PHP Logical Operators

Operator Name Example Result
and And $x and $y True if both $x and $y are true
or Or $x or $y True if either $x or $y is true
xor Xor $x xor $y True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
&& And $x && $y True if both $x and $y are true
|| Or $x || $y True if either $x or $y is true
! Not !$x True if $x is not true

PHP Bitwise Operators

The bitwise operators enable you to treat an integer as the series of bits used to represent it.
You probably will not find a lot of use for the bitwise operators in PHP, but a summary is shown in following Table

Operator Name Example Result
& Bitwise AND $a & $b Bits set in $a and $b are set in result.
| Bitwise OP $a | $b Bits set in $a or $a are set in the result.
~ Bitwise NOT ~$a Bits set in $a are not set in the result and vice versa.
^ Bitwise Ex-OR (XOR) $a ^ $b Bits set in $a or $b but not in both are set in the result.
<< Left Shift $a << $b Shifts $a left $b bits.
>> Right Shift $a >> $b Sifts $a right $b bits.

PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators is used to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

Assignment Short Hand Description
$x = $y $x = $y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right
$x = $x + $y $x += $y Addition
$x = $x - $y $x -= $y Subtraction
$x = $x * $y $x *= $y Multiplication
$x = $x / $y $x /= $y Division
$x = $x % $y $x %= $y Modulus

Example:

The following example shows  the different results of using the different assignment operators:

<?php 
    $x = 10;
    $y = 5;

    echo $x.' Initial Value $x<br />';
    echo $y.' Initial Value $y<br />';

    /*Assign Value of $y to $x*/
    $x = $y;
    echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After Assigning $y<br />';

    /*Add Value of $y to Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
    $x += $y;
    echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x += $y;<br />';

    /*Subtract Value of $y from Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
    $x -= $y;
    echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x -= $y;<br />';

    /*Multiply Value of $y by Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
    $x *= $y;
    echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x *= $y;<br />';

    /*Divide Value of $y from Existing Value of $x, and New Value is Assign to $x*/
    $x /= $y;
    echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x /= $y;<br />';

    /*Divide Value of $y from Existing Value of $x, and Reminder is Assign to $x*/
    $x %= $y;
    echo 'Value of $x is '.$x.' After $x %= $y;<br />';
?>

Output:

Tutorialik.com
10 Initial Value $x
5 Initial Value $y
Value of $x is 5 After Assigning $y
Value of $x is 10 After $x += $y;
Value of $x is 5 After $x -= $y;
Value of $x is 25 After $x *= $y;
Value of $x is 5 After $x /= $y;
Value of $x is 0 After $x %= $y;

PHP String Operators

There are two types of 'String Operators': The Concatenating Operator (.) and the Concatenating Assignment Operator (.=).

Operator Name Example Result
. Concatenation $txt1 = "Hello"
$txt2 = $txt1 . " PHP"
Now $txt2 contains "Hello PHP"
.= Concatenation assignment $txt1 = "Hello"
$txt1 .= " PHP"
Now $txt1 contains "Hello PHP"

Example:

The following example shows the results of using the string operators:

<?php
    $str1 = "Hello";
    $str2 = $str1 . " PHP"; //Concatenation using .
    echo $str2;
    echo "<br />";
    $str3 = "Hello";
    $str3 .= " PHP";        //Concatenation using .=
    echo $str3;
?>

Output:

Tutorialik.com
Hello PHP
Hello PHP

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

Operator Name Description
++$x Pre-increment Increments $x by one, then returns $x
$x++ Post-increment Returns $x, then increments $x by one
--$x Pre-decrement Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
$x-- Post-decrement Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

Example:

The following example shows the different results of using the different increment/decrement operators:

<?php
    $x = 5;
    //Increment $x by 1, Returns $x which will 6
    echo ++$x.' Pre-Increment<br />';
    
    $y = 5;
    //Returns $x which is 5, then increments $x by one
    echo $y++. ' Post-Increment<br />';
    
    $x = 7;
    //Decrements $x by one, then Returns $x which will 6
    echo --$x.' Pre-Decrement<br />';
    
    $y = 7;
    //Returns $x which is 7, then decrements $x by one
    echo $y--.' Post-Decrement';
?>

Output:

Tutorialik.com
6 Pre-Increment
5 Post-Increment
6 Pre-Decrement
7 Post-Decrement

PHP Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

Operator Name Example Result
== Equal $x == $y True if $x is equal to $y
=== Identical $x === $y True if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
!= Not equal $x != $y True if $x is not equal to $y
<> Not equal $x <> $y True if $x is not equal to $y
!== Not identical $x !== $y True if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
> Greater than $x > $y True if $x is greater than $y
< Less than $x < $y True if $x is less than $y
>= Greater than or equal to $x >= $y True if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<= Less than or equal to $x <= $y True if $x is less than or equal to $y

Example:

The following example shows the different results of using some of the comparison operators:

<?php
    $x = 50;
    $y = "50";
    echo '$x is ';
    echo var_dump($x).'<br />';
    echo '$y is ';
    echo var_dump($y).'<br /><br />';
    
    var_dump($x == $y);
    echo ' $x == $y <br />';
    
    var_dump($x === $y);
    echo ' $x === $y<br />';

    var_dump($x != $y);
    echo ' $x != $y<br />';
    var_dump($x !== $y);
    echo ' $x !== $y<br />';
    echo '<br />';

    $a = 50;
    $b = 70;
    echo '$a is ';
    echo var_dump($a).'<br />';
    echo '$b is ';
    echo var_dump($b).'<br /><br />';
    
    var_dump($a > $b);
    echo ' $a > $b <br />';
    var_dump($a < $b);
    echo ' $a < $b <br />';
?>

Output:

Tutorialik.com
$x is int(50) 
$y is string(2) "50" 

bool(true) $x == $y 
bool(false) $x === $y
bool(false) $x != $y
bool(true) $x !== $y

$a is int(50) 
$b is int(70) 

bool(false) $a > $b 
bool(true) $a < $b 



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